Citizen science as a bottom‐up approach to address human–wildlife conflicts: From theories and methods to practical implications

Although biodiversity conservation is a prioritized topic globally, agreements and regulations at multiple levels often fail to meet the desired effects due insufficient knowledge transmission about tolerance toward environmental protection measures among public. To find effective solve human–wildlife conflicts (HWCs) promote sustainable coexistence, it essential gain public's understanding of importance preserving biodiversity. spur progress in solution-oriented science, we examine how citizen science (CS) can complement research HWC field coexistence/mitigation strategies. We that CS (1) an tool for gathering wildlife data (2) empowers citizens participate or drive (in bottom-up manner) management. Each has unique social, economic, geographical context, which makes challenging appropriate mitigation measures. developed Global Local Geographic (GLG) model provides practical guidelines implementing research. argue inclusion youth fundamental achieving coexistence between people wildlife; thus integrating into formal education including educational component projects support species foster environmentally aware future generations.